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Ministry of Wildlife and Forest Resources Conservation

Episode 22 – Flood Plain National Park

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We were on the same path

I joined the Department of Wildlife Conservation as a beat officer in 1998. I was transferred to Polonnaruwa in 2006, where Flood Plains National Park is located.

It was a Sunday, when criminal actions like animal hunting are typically committed. Four of us headed in that direction to visit Flood Plain National Park in Manampitiya. Beat Officer Sarath Kumar, Forest Ranger T. Wijesinghe, and Ranger Nimal were with me. We only had a 12-bore gun, three rounds of ammo, and a few elephant shots where I was in charge of the crew.

We received phone call from the office after traveling about a kilometer into the bush that a 12-year-old child had been killed by an elephant in Muslim Colony, a village close to Flood Plain. Thoughts of returning to the workplace crossed our minds, but since the village was closer, we decided to go right away. In situations like this, individuals frequently become irate with wildlife officers. So, we found the phone number of someone we know in the village and talked to them about the situation. He explained to us that in accordance with Muslim traditions, the body should be buried the same day, thus the villagers were getting ready for the funeral. We had faith in that person and there was a feeling that the elephant that killed the child might be nearby. Therefore,  the elephant should be chased. The four of us walked to the Muslim Colony.

According to the person who gave us the phone call, the local people were in funeral rituals, and a lot of people were there. We approached the place and asked where the elephant was. They pointed to a forest block about five hundred meters away. When we went there, the people of the village followed us. Although people were asked not to come with us, they were not  headed.

We saw the elephant in the forest block. A canal on one side. The day before that, it had rained well, so the canal was full. The village on the other side. On the other hand, chasing  the elephant across the canal is dangerous. There is a  possibility of coming back without crossing the canal. We thought of driving the elephant into the jungle by avoiding the canal and neither towards the village nor where the elephants are. For that we used  two or three elephant shots.

Instead of going to the forest, the elephant ran towards the funeral place in the village. We shouted and tried to drive the elephant away but it didn’t work. We shouted for people to run. The gun was in Wijesinghe’s hand. He fired a shot at the elephant. It didn’t hit the elephant. There was also a second shot. It might  had  hit the elephant’s leg. The elephant screamed and ran towards us.

Instead of going to the forest, the elephant ran towards the funeral place in the village. We shouted and tried to drive the elephant away but it didn’t work. We shouted for people to run. The gun was in Wijesinghe’s hand. He fired a shot at the elephant. It didn’t hit the elephant. There was also a second shot. It might  had  hit the elephant’s leg. The elephant screamed and ran towards us.

For a surprise, the elephant stopped about ten meters away from us for the God’s sake. Wijesingha was on the other side with the gun in his hand, waiting to see what he would do. If he shoots again, the elephant will come to us. Wijesingha told us to escape from there and run towards the funeral home.

Even when we moved from there, the elephant did not make even a sound. He was looking down.

After about an hour, the elephant went to the forest. If the elephant came forward that day, we would be finished. If the gun was in the hands of a new person, he would fire a shot. If we shot, the elephant would come forward and hit us. Our lives were saved due to the awareness of Wijesinghe who had the gun in his hand.

The people of the village did not say anything to us after seeing the incident we faced. We also attended the funeral and went back. The boy had gone to collect wood apple in the morning and was attacked by the elephant. I want to say that animals are not like humans. Don’t hold grudges. It seems that even if this animal was hit by a bullet, there was no hatred towards us. Today Wijesinghe is no more with us.

Mr. W. D. M. Jayathilaka Wickramasinghe

Mr. W.D.M Jayathilaka Wickramasinghe, a science graduate, joined the Wildlife Department as one of the few persons who passed the competitive examination for the post of Beat Officer Grade 1.

Mr. Jayathilaka Wickramasinghe, who started his duties at the Alahera Range where Alahera-Giritale Sanctuary belongs to, performed his duties in areas throughout Sri Lanka such as  Ampara Range, Samanala Range, Polonnaruwa, Maduruoya, Udawalawa, Wilpatttu, Girithale training field, and Colombo head office. He is currently serving as the Assistant Director of Giritale Training Section.

Mr. Jayathilaka Wickramasinghe has completed his BSc Degree from University of Kelaniya, Master’s Degree in Environmental Science from Open University, Entomology Diploma in Plant Protection, Diplomain Geoprocessing offered by the Wildlife Department affiliated to Colombo University. In addition, a diploma in wildlife training has also been obtained in India.

Mrs. Sajeevani Priyanthika, wife of Mr. Jayathilaka Wickramasinghe, works as a Technical Officer in the Kegalle Education Office. The daughter is studying G.E.C. Advanced level at Kegalle Joseph Convent. Their address is Dewalegama.

Flood Plain National Park

Flood Plain National Park is located in the Polonnaruwa District of the North Central Province and extends northwards from the northern boundary of the Wasgamuwa National Park. This National Park with an area of ​​17350 hectares  was declared by Gazette No. 309/4 dated 07th August 1984. Flood Plain  National Park is one of the four national parks designated under the Mahaweli River Development Project. The national park plays more than the role of a protected area, acts as an elephant corridor, an eco-conservation area, a special area for lake elephants and a natural wetland system as well. This park is located at a distance of 225 km from Colombo.

                                                                                             Sceneries of Villus in Flood Plain National Park

The park has a history dating back to the Kingdom of Anuradhapura, and the Mahaweli River is connected to an ancient network of tanks. On the southern bank of the river, at the edge of the Mutugalla lake, remains of an ancient cave ashram with inscriptions dating between the 2nd and 7th centuries BC have been found.

During the rainy season, the wind speed is relatively low and the average rainfall is about 1555 mm. The annual temperature is 32 °C. The Flood Plain Valley is made up of a diverse set of ecological zones consisting of river channels, riparian marshes, lakes, seasonally flooded grasslands and swamp forests. Two rainfall peaks occur in a year, one in April-May and the other in November-December.

It’s always an excellent idea to take a stroll in the park to enjoy the breathtaking views of the Mahaweli River. Wasgamuwa National Park is located on the southern end, while Somavatiya Park is situated next to the northern boundary of the Flood Plain National Park, which acts as an elephant corridor between the two parks. This part of the park includes the most important inland wetland in the country. These wetlands are home to a variety of fish and are important for the survival of birds as well. There are eight important wetlands within the National Park. These wetlands along the Mahaweli River are the only sanctuary in the country for a special species of elephant called the Lake Elephant (Vil Ali). The park plays an important role in the conservation of the lower river basin and riverbanks as it has shallow groundwater even during long dry periods of the year to support a good vegetative cover, provide a unique environment for plant and animal communities, and maintain optimal plant growth in all habitats. As a result of all these factors, the park consists of different ecological zones.

The park is located in the lower basin of the Mahaweli River. About 231 plant species have been identified in the large lakes and swamp forests in the flood plains. The total area of the Flood Plain National Park including small lakes and wetlands is about 2823 hectares. All streams flowing through the park are channels connected to the Mahaweli River. There are many sources of water fed by rainwater.There are five main habitat types, open canopy high forest, open canopy low, medium forest, scrub vegetation, grassland. The dominant tree species in the high canopy layer are Weera (Dryptees sepiaria), Milla (Vitex altissima), Welang (Pterospermum canescens), Panakka (Pleurostylia opposita), kumbuk (Terminalia arjuna). Some species like Ebony (Diospyros ebenum) and Satinwood (Chloroxylon swietenia) are rarely observed in this high canopy layer. Palu (Manilkara hexandra), Divul (Limonia acidissima) plants are among these.

Herd of Elephants

All major groups of animals like mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians live here and Sinica (Toque monkey), Gray langur (Semnopithecus entellus), Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), Leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya), Golden jackal (Canis aureus), Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), Domestic Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), Spotted deer (Axis axis ceylonensis), Porcupine (Hystrix indica) are among them. The elephant population in the Floodplain Nature Reserve is believed to be between 50 and 100. Spotted deer (Axis axis ceylonensis) is the more common species in the park than Barking Deer (Muntiacus muntijak). Deer herds frequent the grasslands. Barking Deer is also more common in forested habitats than in open areas.

Asian elephant
Domestic Water buffalo
Sinica
Spotted deer
Golden jackal
Gray langur
Indian flapshell turtle
Mugger crocodile

The national park is also home to migratory birds in particular, thus enriching its faunal diversity. Little Cormorant (Phalacrocorax niger), Spot-billed pelican (Pelecanus philippensis), Gray heron (Ardea cinerea), Purple heron (Ardea purpurea), Asian openbill (Anastomus oscitans), Woolly-necked stork (Ciconia episcopus), Malabar pied hornbill ( Anthracoceros coronatus), Brown wood pecker (Dendrocopos nanus), Crimson-backed woodpecker (Chrysocolaptes lucidus), Sri Lanka Swallow (Hirundo hyperthra), Little egret (Egretta Garzetta) are the resident birds here.

Painted storks
Indian Roller
White throated kingfisher

Despite being such a valuable and beautiful place, due to human activities like hunting of animals, illegal entry, illicit logging, illegal removal of non-wood products, sand mining  etc. which are  contrary to the Fauna  and Flora Protection Ordinance, the Flood Plain National Park in Polonnaruwa  is on the verge of destruction. may cause damage to the natural resources in the park and deplete them.

The tourists are allowed to enter the National Park, which is situated in the Polonnaruwa district,  through the Manampitiya – Yakkure junction.

List of animals in the Jala Gelum Nimna National Park

Sinhala Name

Tamil Name

English Name

Scientific Name

දිවියා

சிறுத்தை

Leopard

Panthera pardus kotiya

රිලවා

செங்குரங்கு

Sinica

Toque monkey

ආසියානු අලියා

ஆசிய யானை

Asian elephant

​Elephas maximus

කුළු මී හරකා

காட்டெருமை

Wild buffalo

Bubalus bubalis

අළු වදුරා

சாம்பல் முகக் குரங்கு

Gray langur

Semnopithecus entellus

හිවලා

செந்நரி

Golden jackal

Canis aureus

වැලිමුවා

குரைக்கும்மான்

Barking deer

Muntiacus muntijak

තිත් මුවා

புள்ளி மான்

Spotted deer 

Axis axis ceylonensis

මී හරකා

எருமை

Domestic Water buffalo

Bubalus bubalis

වල් ඌරා

காட்டுப் பன்றி

Wild boar 

Sus scrofa

ඉත්තෑවා

முள்ளம்பன்றி

Porcupine

Hystrix indica

දියකාවා

நீர்க்காகம்

Cormorant

Phalacrocorax fuscicollis

අළු පැස්තුඩුවා

சாம்பல் கூழைக்கடா

Spot-billed pelican

Pelecanus philippensis

අළු කොකා

சாம்பல் நாரை

Grey heron

Ardea cinerea

කරවැල් කොකා

செந்நாரை

Purple heron

Ardea purpurea

ආසියානු විවරතුඩුවා

நத்தை குத்தி நாரை

Asian openbill

Anastomus oscitans

පාදිලි මානාවා

வெண்​ கழுத்து நாரை

Woolly-necked stork

Ciconia episcopus

පොරෝ කෑදැත්තා

மலபார் சாம்பல் இருவாச்சி

Malabar pied hornbill

Anthracoceros coronatus

කෑරලා

சின்ன மரங்கொத்தி

Brown wood pecker

Dendrocopos nanus

ශ්‍රී ලංකා මහරත් කෑරළා

இலங்கை சிறிய  செதில் வயிற்று பச்சை மரங்கொத்தி

Crimson-backed woodpecker

Chrysocolaptes lucidus

ශ්‍රී ලංකා වැහිලිහිණියා

இலங்கை தகைவிலான்

Sri Lanka Swallow

Hirundo hyperthra

ඇලි කොකා

சின்னக்கொக்குஅல்லதுசிறுவெண்கொக்கு

Little egret

Egretta Garzetta

ලතු වැකියා

மஞ்சள் மூக்கு நாரை

Painted stork 

Mycteria leucocephala

දුම්බොන්නා

பனங்காடை

Indian roller

Coracias benghalensis

පිළිහුඩුවා

வெண்தொண்டை​மீன்கொத்தி

White throated kingfisher

Halcyon myrnensis

කිරිඉබ්බා

இந்திய மடல் ஓடு ஆமை

Indian flapshell turtle

Lissemys ceylonensis

හැල කිඹුලා

சதுப்பு முதலை

Mugger crocodile

Crocodylus palustris

List of trees in the Jala Gelum Nimna National Park

Sinhala Name

Tamil Name

English Name

Scientific Name

වීර

வீரை

Hedge Box wood

Drypetes sepiaria

පලු

பாலை

Palu

Manilkara hexandra

මිල්ල

சாவண்டலை மரம்

Halmilla

Berraya cordifolia

වේලන්

வெண்ணங்கு

Welang

Pterospermum canescens

පනක්කා

சிறு பியாரி- கருவாலி

Panakka

Pleurostylia opposita

කුඹුක්

வெண்மருது

kumbuk

Terminalia arjuna

බුරුත

முதிரை

Satinwood 

Chloroxylon swietenia

කළුවරகருங்காலி

Ebony

Diospyros altissima

දිවුල්

விளா

Divul

Limonia acidissima

Editor–  Dammika Malsinghe, Additional Secretary,Wildlife and Forest Resources Conservation, Ministry Wildlife and Forest Resources Conservation  (MWFRC)

Article on park written byHasini Sarathchandra, Chief Media Officer, Department of Wildlife Coservation (DWLC), Mahesha Chathurani Perera ,Development Officer, (DWLC)

Tamil TranslationsA.R.F. Rifna, Development Officer, MWFRC

English Translations Asoka Palihawadana, Translator, MWFRC

Web DesigningN.I.Gayathri, Development Officer,MWFRC , C.A.D.D.A. Kollure, Management Service Officer, MWFRC

Photography pictures are from internet.